Ngokwengxelo yamva nje, ishishini lehlabathi lamalaphu beliqikelelwa ukuba limalunga ne-USD 920 yeebhiliyoni, kwaye liya kufikelela malunga ne-USD 1,230 yebhiliyoni ngo-2024.
Ishishini lelaphu liye lavela kakhulu ukususela ekuyilweni kwe-cotton gin ngenkulungwane ye-18. Esi sifundo sichaza eyona mikhwa yamva nje yelaphu kwihlabathi jikelele kwaye sijonga ukukhula koshishino. Imisonto ziimveliso ezenziwe ngefayibha, imicu, intambo, okanye intambo, kwaye inokuba yeyobugcisa okanye yesiqhelo kuxhomekeke kusetyenziso olucetywayo. Impahla yobugcisa yenzelwe umsebenzi othile. Imizekelo ibandakanya i-oyile yokucoca okanye i-diaper. Iingubo eziqhelekileyo zenzelwe i-aesthetics kuqala, kodwa zinokuba luncedo. Imizekelo ibandakanya iibhatyi nezihlangu.
Ushishino lwamalaphu lurhwebo lwehlabathi olukhulu oluchaphazela ilizwe ngalinye ehlabathini ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo. Umzekelo, abantu abathengisa umqhaphu bonyusa amaxabiso ekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-2000 ngenxa yeengxaki zezityalo kodwa emva koko baphelelwa ngumqhaphu njengoko wawuthengiswa ngokukhawuleza. Ukunyuka kwexabiso kunye nokunqongophala kubonakaliswe kumaxabiso abathengi beemveliso ezinomqhaphu, okukhokelela ekuthengisweni okuphantsi. Lo ngumzekelo obalaseleyo wendlela umdlali ngamnye kwishishini onokuchaphazela ngayo abanye. Okubangela umdla kukuba, iintsingiselo kunye nokukhula zilandela lo mgaqo ngokunjalo.
Ngokwembono yehlabathi, ishishini lamalaphu lishishini elikhula rhoqo, kukho okhuphisana nabo abaphambili iTshayina, iManyano yaseYurophu, iMelika, neIndiya.
I-China: uMvelisi oPhambili weHlabathi kunye noMthumeli ngaphandle
I-China lelona lizwe liphambili ekuveliseni nasekuthengiseni ngaphandle impahla ekrwada kunye nempahla. Kwaye nangona i-China ithumela iimpahla ezincinci kunye neempahla ezininzi kwihlabathi ngenxa yobhubhani we-coronavirus, ilizwe ligcina isikhundla somvelisi kunye nomthengisi ongaphandle. Ngokucacileyo, izabelo zentengiso zaseTshayina kwiimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ziye zehla ukusuka kwincopho yazo ye-38.8% ngo-2014 ukuya kwirekhodi esezantsi ye-30.8% ngo-2019 (yayingama-31.3% ngo-2018), ngokutsho kweWTO. Ngeli xesha, i-China yabalelwa kwi-39.2% yokuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwelaphu elizweni ngo-2019, eyayiyirekhodi entsha ephezulu. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba i-China idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu njengomthengisi weempahla kumazwe amaninzi athumela ngaphandle kwe-Asia.
Abadlali abatsha: iIndiya, iVietnam kunye neBangladesh
Ngokwe-WTO, i-Indiya lishishini lesithathu ngobukhulu leemveliso zamalaphu kwaye inexabiso lokuthumela ngaphandle elingaphezulu kwe-USD 30 yeebhiliyoni. I-Indiya inoxanduva lokungaphezulu kwe-6% yemveliso yelaphu iyonke, kwihlabathi jikelele, kwaye ixabisa malunga ne-USD 150 yeebhiliyoni.
IVietnam igqithise eTaiwan kwaye yabeka kwindawo yesixhenxe ngobukhulu emhlabeni othumela iimpahla ngaphandle ngo-2019 (i-8.8bn yeedola ezithunyelwa ngaphandle, inyuke nge-8.3% ukusuka kunyaka ongaphambili), okokuqala embalini. Olu tshintsho lukwabonisa iinzame zaseVietnam zokuphucula ngokuqhubekayo imveliso yelaphu kunye nempahla kunye nokomeleza amandla okuvelisa amalaphu asekhaya ayahlawula.
Kwelinye icala, nangona iimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle zisuka eVietnam (zinyuke nge-7.7%) nase-Bangladesh (i-2.1%) zikonwabele ukukhula okukhawulezayo ngokwemiqathango ngo-2019, iinzuzo zabo kwizabelo zentengiso bezilinganiselwe (okt, akukho tshintsho eVietnam kwaye phezulu kancinci. Ipesenti ye-0.3 yepesenti ukusuka kwi-6.8% ukuya kwi-6.5% ye-Bangladesh). Esi siphumo sibonisa ukuba ngenxa yemida yomthamo, akukho lizwe lilinye esele livele ukuba libe “yiTshayina elandelayo.” Endaweni yoko, izabelo zemarike ezilahlekileyo zaseTshayina kwiimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle zazalisekiswa liqela lamazwe aseAsia ngokupheleleyo.
Imarike yelaphu iye yafumana ukukhwela i-roller coaster kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo. Ngenxa yokudodobala koqoqosho lwelizwe, ukonakaliswa kwezityalo, kunye nokunqongophala kwemveliso, kubekho imiba eyahlukahlukeneyo ethintela ukukhula kweshishini lempahla yamalaphu. Umzi-mveliso wamalaphu e-United States ubone ukukhula okunzulu kwisiqingatha seminyaka elishumi elinesibini kwaye lonyuke nge-14% ngelo xesha. Nangona ingqesho ingakhange ikhule kakhulu, iye yalingana, nto leyo engumahluko omkhulu ukusuka ekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-2000 xa bekukho ukudendwa okukhulu.
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kuqikelelwa phakathi kwezigidi ezingama-20 ukuya kuma-60 ezigidi abantu abaqeshwe kushishino lwamalaphu kwihlabathi jikelele. Ukuqeshwa kwishishini lempahla kubaluleke kakhulu ekuphuhliseni uqoqosho olufana neIndiya, iPakistan kunye neVietnam. Eli shishini lithatha malunga ne-2% yeMveliso yeLizwe yeLizwe ngokubanzi kwaye libalela inxalenye enkulu ngakumbi ye-GDP kubavelisi abakhokelayo behlabathi nabathumeli bangaphandle bempahla nempahla.
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-02-2022